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Privacy Policies for Startups: Building Trust (and Legal Compliance) from Day One
If your startup collects any personal data - like email addresses, names, payment details, or even IP addresses - you need a Privacy Policy. And not just any policy: it must be clear, compliant, and up to date. A strong Privacy Policy builds user trust and keeps your company out of legal trouble.
Active vs. Passive Terms of Service: What Your Business Needs to Know
For startup founders and entrepreneurs, implementing Terms of Service and Privacy Policies isn’t just a legal checkbox. It’s a strategic choice that affects user engagement, compliance, and protection against disputes. The way you implement these terms - active vs. passive - can significantly impact your business.
Terms of Service for Startups: What to Include and Why It Matters
If your startup has a website, app, or software platform, you need Terms of Service (ToS). These aren’t just formalities - they’re binding legal contracts that define how users interact with your product and limit your legal exposure.
Invention Assignment Agreements (CIIAAs & PIIAAs): Who Owns the IP?
Startups thrive on innovation. But unless you secure ownership of intellectual property (IP), the very assets that drive your company could walk out the door. That’s why founders use Confidential Information and Inventions Assignment Agreements (CIIAAs) and Proprietary Information and Inventions Assignment Agreements (PIIAAs).
FAQs
Open allDoes the size of an option pool affect the acquisition price?
Yes. A larger pool can dilute per-share value, which impacts how acquisition proceeds are distributed among shareholders and option holders.
How can founders protect their team during an acquisition?
Founders can negotiate for vesting acceleration, retention bonuses, or favorable conversion terms to ensure employees benefit from the deal.
Do employees lose unvested stock options during an acquisition?
Not always. Depending on the agreement, unvested options may continue vesting, accelerate, or be canceled and replaced with new grants.
What typically happens to option pools when a company is acquired?
Option pools may either remain under the existing plan with the same vesting schedules or be converted into the acquiring company’s plan under a conversion ratio.
Can a company use both ISOs and NSOs?
Yes. Many startups issue ISOs to employees and NSOs to contractors, advisors, or employees exceeding ISO limits.
Do ISOs always avoid taxes at exercise?
Not entirely. While ISOs aren’t subject to ordinary income tax at exercise, they can trigger Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT).
Why do companies offer NSOs if ISOs have better tax benefits?
NSOs provide flexibility, fewer restrictions, and tax deductions for the company. They’re also the only option for contractors, advisors, directors, and international hires.
What is the main difference between NSOs and ISOs?
ISOs qualify for favorable tax treatment but can only be granted to employees, while NSOs are more flexible and can be granted to a broader range of contributors.
What is an 83(b) election and how does it relate to options?
An 83(b) election allows employees with early-exercised options to pay taxes at grant, potentially reducing future tax liability if the stock increases in value.
Can I exercise options after leaving a company?
Yes, but typically only within 90 days unless your company offers an extended exercise window. Check your grant agreement.
Do stock options always have value?
No. Stock options only create value if the company’s market value exceeds the strike price. Many startup options expire worthless.
What’s the main difference between ISOs and NSOs?
ISOs offer potential tax advantages but are only for employees, while NSOs are more flexible but taxed as ordinary income at exercise.
How long do warrants usually last?
Most warrants have terms ranging from 1–10 years, depending on whether they’re tied to debt financing, partnerships, or strategic transactions.
Why would a startup issue warrants instead of stock?
Warrants allow companies to attract investors or lenders by offering future upside without immediate ownership transfer or dilution.
Do warrants cause dilution?
Yes. If exercised, warrants increase the total number of outstanding shares, which dilutes existing shareholders’ ownership percentages.