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NSOs v. ISOs: Strategic Equity Decisions for Startups
For startup founders, choosing between Non-Qualified Stock Options (NSOs) and Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) isn't just a matter of tax implications—it's a strategic decision that affects your ability to attract talent, manage company finances, and create the right incentives. Let's explore both options to help you make informed equity decisions for your venture.
Stock Options: An Overview
For startup employees, stock options represent more than just potential future wealth - they are a key part of compensation and long-term financial planning. Understanding how stock options work, and the differences between option types, can help you make informed decisions that align with your career and financial goals.
Stock Warrants in Startup Funding: Strategic Tools for Capital Raises
In the complex landscape of startup financing, stock warrants are often misunderstood but highly effective tools. Warrants give investors, lenders, or partners the right - but not the obligation - to buy shares at a set price in the future. When used strategically, warrants can provide flexibility in capital raising while aligning investor and company interests.
Common vs. Preferred Stock: A Startup's Guide to Equity Fundamentals
In the intricate world of startup financing, understanding the difference between common and preferred stock is crucial. These two types of equity are not just legal distinctions—they represent fundamentally different approaches to ownership, risk, and reward.
FAQs
Open allYou can change your registered agent by filing a form with your state’s Secretary of State, paying the required fee, and officially designating the new agent.
Yes. Each state requires a registered agent with a physical address in that state if your business is registered there.
Yes, but it is not recommended. Acting as your own registered agent means your personal address becomes public, and you must be available during business hours to receive legal documents. Most founders choose professional registered agent services for privacy and reliability.
Without a registered agent, your business may lose good standing with the state, incur fines, or even face administrative dissolution. You may also miss critical legal documents.
Yes. Founders and directors can receive reasonable salaries for the work they perform, but excessive compensation or private benefit is prohibited under IRS rules.
Most non-profits are exempt from federal income tax on mission-related income, but they must still pay taxes on unrelated business income. State and local exemptions may also apply.
The IRS typically takes 3 to 12 months to review and approve an application, depending on the complexity of your activities and the completeness of your filing.
The first step is defining a clear mission and purpose. This ensures your organization qualifies for IRS tax-exempt status and guides your governance structure.
Yes. With a properly drafted operating agreement, the LLC can continue operating even if members withdraw, pass away, or transfer ownership interests.
Multi-Member LLCs must file IRS Form 1065 (partnership tax return) and provide Schedule K-1 forms to each member. Each member then reports profits or losses on their personal tax return.
Yes. Even if your state does not legally require it, a written operating agreement is essential for outlining ownership, voting rights, profit distribution, and dispute resolution.
A Single-Member LLC has only one owner and is taxed as a disregarded entity by default, while a Multi-Member LLC has two or more owners and is taxed as a partnership unless corporate tax treatment is elected.
Yes. You can elect S Corporation status for tax purposes by filing Form 2553 with the IRS.
As an SMLLC taxed as a disregarded entity, you generally take owner’s draws instead of a salary. If you elect corporate tax treatment, you can pay yourself a salary.
It’s not always required, but it’s strongly recommended to show business formalities and strengthen liability protection.
No. While both are owned by one person, an SMLLC offers limited liability protection, unlike a sole proprietorship.
A PBC operates like a C-Corp but has a legal obligation to consider social and environmental impact alongside shareholder returns.
Yes. Many startups begin as LLCs for simplicity and later convert to C-Corps to raise capital. However, conversions carry legal and tax implications. It’s usually easier and cheaper to start as a C-Corp if you know you’ll need it, but conversion is always an option.
Venture capitalists often prefer C-Corps because they allow multiple stock classes, unlimited shareholders, and a clear exit path through public offerings or acquisitions.
An LLC is often the most flexible option for early-stage businesses, offering pass-through taxation and fewer compliance requirements.

