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Guides
Insights
Founder Preferred Stock: What Entrepreneurs Should Know
For startup founders, stock structure is more than a technicality - it’s a strategic decision that influences control, investor relations, and fundraising potential. Founders Preferred stock can take different forms, each carrying unique advantages and tradeoffs.
Determining Par Value for Startup Stock
Par value is one of the foundational decisions in a startup’s equity structure. While it may seem like a minor technicality, par value directly affects how stock is issued, how founders and employees receive equity, and how investors perceive the company.
Founder Equity: Strategic Considerations for Equitable Distribution
Splitting equity among co-founders is one of the most important and sensitive decisions in the early life of a startup. The distribution of ownership impacts motivation, team alignment, and the long-term health of the company. This guide outlines the key principles, methods, and pitfalls to consider when dividing founder equity.
Startup Shares: Determining the Right Number of Shares at Incorporation
For startup founders, determining the number of shares to issue at incorporation is a critical decision that impacts ownership structure, employee incentives, and future funding potential. This memo outlines the key factors to consider when allocating shares in your new venture.
FAQs
Open allFailing to use written agreements. Without NDAs and IP assignments, contractors or employees may legally claim ownership of information you thought was protected.
General skills and experience can move with an employee. But specific confidential information, such as code, strategies, or customer lists, is protected and cannot legally be taken.
Patents require public disclosure and registration, granting exclusive rights for a limited time. Trade secrets remain private and last indefinitely - as long as secrecy is maintained.
No. Unlike patents or trademarks, trade secrets are protected automatically if they meet legal requirements and you take reasonable steps to safeguard them.
It depends on your business. Most startups should prioritize trademarks for brand protection and copyrights for code and content. Patents make sense if you’ve built a unique, defensible innovation.
They may own the copyright or patent rights to what they create, even if you paid for it. Always require a signed assignment agreement.
Sometimes. Pure software code is protected by copyright, but certain software-related inventions (like unique algorithms or processes) may qualify for patents if they meet patent standards.
No. Trademarks gain limited protection through use, and copyrights exist automatically upon creation. But registration strengthens your rights and makes enforcement much easier.
Yes. Contractors often have access to sensitive information and customer relationships, so including a non-solicit in contractor agreements is recommended.
A non-solicit limits poaching of employees or customers, while a non-compete prevents someone from working for a competitor. Courts generally view non-solicits as more reasonable.
A typical duration is 12–18 months. Longer restrictions are more likely to be challenged in court.
Not always. Most states allow them if reasonable, but California restricts employee-related non-solicits. Customer-focused non-solicits may still be enforceable in certain cases.
No. Non-competes should be used cautiously, only in states where they’re enforceable and for roles where they are truly necessary. Otherwise, focus on enforceable alternatives.
Not necessarily. Strong confidentiality and invention assignment agreements often provide more reliable protection for IP and trade secrets.
A non-compete restricts where someone can work, while a non-solicitation clause only prevents them from taking your clients or employees. The latter is generally easier to enforce.
No. Some states, like California, ban them outright. Others only enforce them if they’re narrow and justified by a legitimate business interest.
Templates are a good starting point but rarely cover the specific needs of your business. Customized agreements reduce risk and ensure compliance with state and federal laws.
You may face IRS penalties, back taxes, unpaid benefits, wage claims, and potential lawsuits. States like California impose strict penalties for misclassification.
No. Independent contractors are responsible for their own benefits, insurance, and tax obligations unless you choose to offer additional perks in the contract.
Not entirely. The classification depends on how the work is structured. If you control when, how, and where they work, they’re likely an employee, even if the agreement calls them a contractor.